At&t How To Find Account Number

Typographical symbol (@)

@
At sign
In Unicode	U+0040 @ COMMERCIAL AT (HTML@· &commat;)
Related
See also	U+FF20 ＠ FULLWIDTH COMMERCIAL AT (HTML＠) U+FE6B ﹫ SMALL COMMERCIAL AT (HTML﹫)

The at sign, @ , is normally read aloud as "at"; it is also unremarkably called the at symbol, commercial at, or accost sign. It is used as an accounting and invoice abridgement meaning "at a charge per unit of" (east.1000. vii widgets @ £two per widget = £14),^[1] but it is now seen more widely in email addresses and social media platform handles.

The absenteeism of a single English word for the symbol has prompted some writers to utilize the French arobase ^[2] or Spanish and Portuguese arroba, or to coin new words such as ampersat ^[three] and asperand,^[four] or the (visual) onomatopoeia strudel,^[5] but none of these have achieved wide employ.

Although not included on the keyboard of the primeval commercially successful typewriters, it was on at to the lowest degree one 1889 model^{[half dozen]} and the very successful Underwood models from the "Underwood No. 5" in 1900 onward. It started to be used in email addresses in the 1970s, and is now routinely included on most types of computer keyboards.

History [edit]

@ symbol used equally the initial "a" for the "amin" (amen) formula in the Bulgarian of the Manasses Chronicle (c. 1345).

@ used to signify French " à " ("at") from a 1674 protocol from a Swedish court ( Arboga rådhusrätt och magistrat )

The earliest yet discovered symbol in this shape is found in a Bulgarian translation of a Greek chronicle written by Constantinos Manasses in 1345. Held today in the Vatican Churchly Library, it features the @ symbol in place of the capital letter alpha "Α" as an initial in the word Amen, however, the reason backside information technology existence used in this context is even so unknown. The evolution of the symbol as used today is not recorded.

Whatever the origin of the @ symbol, the history of its usage is better known: it has long been used in Catalan, Spanish and Portuguese as an abbreviation of arroba, a unit of weight equivalent to 25 pounds, and derived from the Arabic expression of "the quarter" ( الربع pronounced ar-rubʿ).^[8] An Italian academic, Giorgio Stabile, claims to have traced the @ symbol to the 16th century, in a mercantile document sent by Florentine Francesco Lapi from Seville to Rome on May 4, 1536.^[9] The certificate is about commerce with Pizarro, in particular the price of an @ of vino in Republic of peru. Currently, the word arroba ways both the at-symbol and a unit of weight. In Venetian, the symbol was interpreted to mean amphora ( anfora ), a unit of weight and volume based upon the chapters of the standard amphora jar since the 6th century.

Until at present the first historical document containing a symbol resembling an @ as a commercial one is the Spanish "Taula de Ariza", a registry to denote a wheat shipment from Castile to Aragon in 1448; fifty-fifty though the oldest fully developed mod @ sign is the one establish on the above-mentioned Florentine alphabetic character.^[nine]

Modern use [edit]

Commercial usage [edit]

In contemporary English usage, @ is a commercial symbol, pregnant at and at the rate of or at the toll of. It has rarely been used in fiscal ledgers, and is not used in standard typography.^[10]

Trademark [edit]

In 2012, "@" was registered every bit a trademark with the German Patent and Trade Mark Office.^[11] A cancellation asking was filed in 2013, and the counterfoil was ultimately confirmed by the High german Federal Patent Court in 2017.^[12]

Electronic mail addresses [edit]

A mutual gimmicky apply of @ is in email addresses (using the SMTP system), as in jdoe@case.com (the user jdoe located at the domain example.com). Ray Tomlinson of BBN Technologies is credited for having introduced this usage in 1971.^[4] ^[13] This thought of the symbol representing located at in the form user@host is likewise seen in other tools and protocols; for case, the Unix shell control ssh jdoe@example.net tries to establish an ssh connectedness to the computer with the hostname example.cyberspace using the username jdoe.

On web pages, organizations often obscure email addresses of their members or employees by omitting the @. This practice, known as address munging, makes the email addresses less vulnerable to spam programs that scan the internet for them.

[edit]

On some social media platforms and forums, usernames are in the class @johndoe; this type of username is frequently referred to every bit a "handle".

On online forums without threaded discussions, @ is commonly used to denote a respond; for case: @Jane to respond to a comment Jane made earlier. Similarly, in some cases, @ is used for "attention" in electronic mail messages originally sent to someone else. For instance, if an electronic mail was sent from Catherine to Steve, but in the body of the email, Catherine wants to brand Keirsten aware of something, Catherine will start the line @Keirsten to betoken to Keirsten that the following sentence concerns her. This also helps with mobile email users who might not see bold or color in email.

In microblogging (such as on Twitter and GNU social-based microblogs), an @ before the user proper noun is used to ship publicly readable replies (e.g. @otheruser: Bulletin text hither). The blog and customer software can automatically interpret these as links to the user in question. When included as office of a person's or visitor'southward contact details, an @ symbol followed past a proper name is normally understood to refer to a Twitter handle. A like apply of the @ symbol was also made available to Facebook users on September fifteen, 2009.^[14] In Cyberspace Relay Conversation (IRC), it is shown before users' nicknames to announce they take operator status on a channel.

Sports usage [edit]

In American English the @ can be used to add data about a sporting outcome. Where opposing sports teams take their names separated by a "v" (for versus), the away team can be written showtime – and the normal "v" replaced with @ to convey at which team's home field the game will be played.^[15] This usage is not followed in British English, since conventionally the home team is written first.

Computer languages [edit]

@ is used in various programming languages and other computer languages, although there is not a consistent theme to its usage. For example:

In ALGOL 68, the @ symbol is brief form of the at keyword; it is used to change the lower jump of an array. For instance: arrayx[@88] refers to an assortment starting at index 88.
In ActionScript, @ is used in XML parsing and traversal as a string prefix to identify attributes in dissimilarity to child elements.
In the ASP.Cyberspace MVC Razor template markup syntax, the @ grapheme denotes the start of lawmaking argument blocks or the beginning of text content.^[16] ^[17]
In Dyalog APL, @ is used every bit a functional style to modify or replace data at specific locations in an assortment.
In CSS, @ is used in special statements outside of a CSS cake.^[18]
In C#, it denotes "verbatim strings", where no characters are escaped and two double-quote characters represent a single double-quote.^[xix] As a prefix it too allows keywords to be used as identifiers,^[xx] a form of stropping.
In D, it denotes office attributes: similar: @condom, @nogc, user divers @('from_user') which tin exist evaluated at compile time (with __traits) or @belongings to declare properties, which are functions that can be syntactically treated every bit if they were fields or variables.^[21]
In DIGITAL Command Linguistic communication, the @ grapheme was the command used to execute a command procedure. To run the command procedure VMSINSTAL.COM, one would type @VMSINSTAL at the control prompt.
In Forth, it is used to fetch values from the address on the top of the stack. The operator is pronounced as "fetch".
In Haskell, information technology is used in and so-called as-patterns. This notation can exist used to give aliases to patterns, making them more readable.
in HTML, it can be encoded as &commat; ^[22]
In J, denotes office composition.
In Java, it has been used to denote annotations, a kind of metadata, since version v.0.^[23]
In LiveCode, it is prefixed to a parameter to indicate that the parameter is passed by reference.
In an LXDE autostart file (as used, for example, on the Raspberry Pi computer), @ is prefixed to a control to indicate that the control should be automatically re-executed if it crashes.^[24]
In ML, it denotes list concatenation.
In modal logic, specifically when representing possible worlds, @ is sometimes used as a logical symbol to denote the actual world (the world we are "at").
In Objective-C, @ is prefixed to linguistic communication-specific keywords such as @implementation and to form string literals.
In Pascal, @ is the "accost of" operator (it tells the location at which a variable is found).
In Perl, @ prefixes variables which contain arrays @assortment, including assortment slices @array[two..five,7,9] and hash slices @hash { 'foo' , 'bar' , 'baz' } or @hash { qw(foo bar baz) } . This employ is known as a sigil.
In PHP, it is used just earlier an expression to make the interpreter suppress errors that would be generated from that expression.^[25]
In Python ii.4 and up, it is used to decorate a role (wrap the function in another 1 at creation fourth dimension). In Python 3.5 and up, it is as well used equally an overloadable matrix multiplication operator.^[26]
In Razor, information technology is used for C# code blocks.^[27]
In Ruby, it functions as a sigil: @ prefixes instance variables, and @@ prefixes grade variables.^[28]
In Scala, information technology is used to announce annotations (as in Java), and also to bind names to subpatterns in pattern-matching expressions.^[29]
In Swift, @ prefixes "annotations" that tin can be applied to classes or members. Annotations tell the compiler to apply special semantics to the annunciation like keywords, without adding keywords to the language.
In T-SQL, @ prefixes variables and @@ prefixes "niladic" system functions.
In several xBase-type programming languages, like DBASE, FoxPro/Visual FoxPro and Clipper, information technology is used to denote position on the screen. For case: @i,1 SAY "Hello" to show the word "HELLO" in line 1, column 1.
- In FoxPro/Visual FoxPro, information technology is also used to indicate explicit pass by reference of variables when calling procedures or functions (but information technology is not an accost operator).^[xxx]
In a Windows Batch file, an @ at the start of a line suppresses the echoing of that command. In other words, is the same as ECHO OFF applied to the electric current line merely. Normally a Windows command is executed and takes effect from the next line onward, but @ is a rare example of a command that takes effect immediately. Information technology is most commonly used in the form @repeat off which not only switches off echoing but prevents the command line itself from being echoed.^[31] ^[32]
In Windows PowerShell, @ is used as array operator for array and hash table literals and for enclosing here-string literals.^[33]
In the Domain Name Organization (DNS), @ is used to represent the $ORIGIN, typically the "root" of the domain without a prefixed sub-domain. (Ex: wikipedia.org vs. www.wikipedia.org)
In assembly linguistic communication, @ is sometimes used every bit a dereference operator.^[34]

Gender neutrality in Spanish [edit]

Protester with imprint showing "La revolución está en nosotr@south"

In Spanish, where many words finish in "-o" when in the masculine gender and cease "-a" in the feminine, @ is sometimes used as a gender-neutral substitute for the default "o" catastrophe.^[35] For example, the word amigos traditionally represents not simply male person friends, but also a mixed group, or where the genders are not known. The proponents of gender-inclusive linguistic communication would supersede it with amig@due south in these latter two cases, and use amigos but when the group referred to is all-male and amigas only when the group is all female. The Existent Academia Española disapproves of this usage.^[36]

Other uses and meanings [edit]

X-SAMPA uses an @ as a substitute for ə, which it resembles in some fonts.

In (specially English) scientific and technical literature, @ is used to draw the conditions nether which data are valid or a measurement has been made. E.g. the density of saltwater may read d = 1.050 grand/cmⁱⁱⁱ @ 15 °C (read "at" for @), density of a gas d = 0.150 g/L @ 20 °C, 1 bar, or noise of a car 81 dB @ 80 km/h (speed).^[37]
In philosophical logic, '@' is used to denote the actual world (in contrast to not-actual possible worlds).^{[ citation needed ]} Analogously, a 'designated' world in a Kripke model may exist labelled '@'.^{[ citation needed ]}
In chemical formulae, @ is used to denote trapped atoms or molecules.^[38] For instance, La@C₆₀ means lanthanum inside a fullerene cage. See article Endohedral fullerene for details.
In Malagasy, @ is an informal abbreviation for the prepositional form amin'ny.^{[ citation needed ]}
In Malay, @ is an informal abridgement for the discussion "atau", meaning "or" in English.^{[ citation needed ]}
In genetics, @ is the abbreviation for locus, equally in IGL@ for immunoglobulin lambda locus.^[39]
In the Koalib language of Sudan, @ is used as a alphabetic character in Standard arabic loanwords. The Unicode Consortium rejected a proposal to encode information technology separately as a letter in Unicode. SIL International uses Private Employ Area code points U+F247 and U+F248 for lowercase and capital versions, although they have marked this PUA representation as deprecated since September 2014.^[40]
A schwa, as the actual schwa grapheme "ə" may exist hard to produce on many computers. It is used in this capacity in some ASCII IPA schemes, including SAMPA and X-SAMPA.^{[ citation needed ]}
In leet information technology may substitute for the letter "A".^{[ citation needed ]}
Information technology is frequently used in typing and text messaging equally an abbreviation for "at".^[41] ^[37]
In Portugal it may exist used in typing and text messaging with the significant "french osculation" (linguado).^{[ citation needed ]}
In online discourse, @ is used past some anarchists as a substitute for the traditional circle-A.^{[ citation needed ]}
Algebraic notation for the Crazyhouse chess variant: An @ between a piece and a foursquare denotes a piece dropped onto that foursquare from the histrion'due south reserve.^[42]

Names in other languages [edit]

In many languages other than English, although virtually typewriters included the symbol, the apply of @ was less common before email became widespread in the mid-1990s. Consequently, it is often perceived in those languages as denoting "the Cyberspace", computerization, or modernization in general. Naming the symbol subsequently animals is likewise common.

In Afrikaans, it is chosen aapstert , significant 'monkey tail', similarly to the Dutch use of the word (aap is the word for 'monkey' or 'ape' in Dutch, stert comes from the Dutch staart).
In Arabic, it is آتْ ( at ).
In Armenian, it is շնիկ ( shnik ), which means 'puppy'.
In Azerbaijani, it is ət ( at ) which means 'meat', though most likely it is a phonetic transliteration of at.
In Basque, it is a bildua ('wrapped A').
In Belarusian, it is called сьлімак ( sʹlimak , meaning 'helix' or 'snail').
In Bosnian, it is ludo a ('crazy A').
In Bulgarian, information technology is called кльомба ( klyomba – 'a badly written letter'), маймунско а ( maymunsko a – 'monkey A'), маймунка ( maimunka – 'fiddling monkey'), or баница ( banitsa - a pastry coil ofttimes made in a shape similar to the character)
In Catalan, it is chosen arrova (a unit of measurement of mensurate) or ensaïmada (a Mallorcan pastry, considering of the similar shape of this food).
In Chinese:
- In mainland Cathay, information technology used to be called 圈A (pronounced quān A ), meaning 'circled A' / 'enclosed A', or 花A (pronounced huā A ), pregnant 'lacy A', and sometimes as 小老鼠 (pronounced xiǎo lǎoshǔ ), meaning 'little mouse'.^[43] Nowadays, for near of China's youth, it is called 艾特 (pronounced ài tè ), which is the phonetic transcription from at.
- In Taiwan, information technology is 小老鼠 (pronounced xiǎo lǎoshǔ ), meaning 'trivial mouse'.
- In Hong Kong and Macau, it is at.
In Croatian, it is virtually often referred to by the English word at (pronounced et), and less commonly and more formally, with the preposition pri (with the leaseholder in the nominative instance, not locative as per usual rection of pri ), meaning 'at', ' chez ' or 'by'. Informally, it is called a manki, coming from the local pronunciation of the English language word monkey. Note that the Croation words for monkey, majmun, opica, jopec , šimija are not used to denote the symbol, except seldom the latter words regionally.
In Czech information technology is called zavináč, which means 'rollmops'; the aforementioned discussion is used in Slovak.
In Danish, it is snabel-a ('elephant'south trunk A'). It is not used for prices, where in Danish à means 'at (per piece)'.
In Dutch, it is chosen apenstaart ('monkey's tail'). The a is the first character of the Dutch word aap which means 'monkey' or 'ape'; apen is the plural of aap . Nevertheless, the use of the English at has become increasingly popular in Dutch.
In Esperanto, information technology is called ĉe-signo ('at' – for the email use, with an address similar "zamenhof@esperanto.org" pronounced zamenhof ĉe esperanto punkto org ), po-signo ('each' – refers just to the mathematical use), or heliko (meaning 'snail').
In Estonian, it is called ätt , from the English discussion at.
In Faroese, it is kurla, hjá ('at'), tranta , or snápil-a ('[elephant's] torso A').
In Finnish, it was originally called taksamerkki ("fee sign") or yksikköhinnan merkki ("unit price sign"), but these names are long obsolete and now rarely understood. Nowadays, it is officially ät-merkki, according to the national standardization found SFS; oftentimes also spelled at-merkki . Other names include kissanhäntä ('cat'south tail') and miuku mauku ('miaow-meow').
In French, it is now officially the arobase ^[44] ^[45] (also spelled arrobase or arrobe), or a commercial (though this is about unremarkably used in French-speaking Canada, and should normally only be used when quoting prices; it should always be called arobase or, better yet, arobas when in an email address). Its origin is the same as that of the Spanish word, which could be derived from the Arabic ar-roub (‏اَلرُّبْع‎). In France, it is besides common (especially for younger generations) to say the English discussion at when spelling out an email accost.^{[ commendation needed ]} In everyday Québec French, ane oftentimes hears a commercial when sounding out an e-postal service address, while TV and radio hosts are more probable to use arobase .
In Georgian, it is at , spelled ეთ–ი (კომერციული ეთ–ი, ḳomerciuli et-i ).
In German, information technology has sometimes been referred to as Klammeraffe (meaning 'spider monkey') or Affenschwanz (meaning 'monkeys tail'). Klammeraffe or Affenschwanz refer to the similarity of @ to the tail of a monkey^[46] ^{[ better source needed ]} grabbing a co-operative. More than recently, it is commonly referred to equally at , as in English.
In Greek, it is called παπάκι meaning 'duckling'.
In Greenlandic, an Inuit language, information technology is called aajusaq meaning 'A-like' or 'something that looks like A'.
In Hebrew, information technology is colloquially known equally שְׁטְרוּדֶל ( shtrúdel ), due to the visual resemblance to a cross-department cut of a strudel cake. The normative term, invented past the University of the Hebrew Language, is כְּרוּכִית ( krukhít ), which is some other Hebrew word for 'strudel', but is rarely used.
In Hindi, information technology is at , from the English language word.
In Hungarian, it is called kukac (a playful synonym for 'worm' or 'maggot').
In Icelandic, it is referred to every bit atmerkið ("the at sign") or hjá, which is a direct translation of the English word at.
In Indian English, speakers often say at the rate of (with due east-post addresses quoted every bit "example at the charge per unit of example.com").^{[ citation needed ]}
In Indonesian, information technology is usually et . Variations be – particularly if exact advice is very noisy – such as a bundar and a bulat (both meaning 'circled A'), a keong ('snail A'), and (well-nigh rarely) a monyet ('monkey A').
In Irish, it is ag (meaning 'at') or comhartha @/ag (meaning 'at sign').
In Italian, information technology is chiocciola ('snail') or a commerciale, sometimes at (pronounced more often [ˈɛt] and rarely [ˈat]) or advertizing.
In Japanese, it is called atto māku (アットマーク, from the English words at mark). The word is wasei-eigo , a loan discussion from the English language.
In Kazakh, it is officially called айқұлақ ( aıqulaq , 'moon's ear').
In Korean, it is called golbaeng-i ( 골뱅이 , meaning 'bai peak shells'), a dialectal form of whelk.
In Kurdish, it is at or et (Latin Hawar script), ئهت (Perso-Arabic Sorani script) coming from the English discussion at.
In Latvian, information technology is pronounced the same as in English, but, since in Latvian [æ] is written as "e" (non "a" every bit in English), it is sometimes written as et .
In Lithuanian, it is pronounced eta (equivalent to the English at).
In Luxembourgish it used to exist called Afeschwanz ('monkey tail'), but due to widespread utilise, it is now called at , as in English.
In Macedonian, it is chosen мајмунче ( majmunče , [ˈmajmuntʃɛ], 'little monkey').
In Malay, it is called alias when information technology is used in names and di when it is used in email addresses, di existence the Malay give-and-take for 'at'. It is as well normally used to abbreviate atau which means 'or', 'either'.
In Morse code, it is known as a "commat", consisting of the Morse code for the "A" and "C" which run together as ane character: ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄. The symbol was added in 2004 for use with email addresses,^[47] the just official change to Morse code since Earth War I.
In Nepali, the symbol is called "at the rate." Commonly, people will give their email addresses by including the phrase "at the rate".^{[ citation needed ]}
In Norwegian, it is officially called krøllalfa ('curly blastoff' or 'alpha twirl'), and commonly as alfakrøll . Sometimes snabel-a , the Swedish/Danish name (which means 'trunk A', as in 'elephant's trunk'), is used. Commonly, people will phone call the symbol [æt] (as in English), particularly when giving their electronic mail addresses.
In Western farsi, information technology is at , from the English word.
In Polish, it is commonly called małpa ('monkey'). Rarely, the English language give-and-take at is used.
In Portuguese, information technology is called arroba (from the Standard arabic ar-roub , ‏اَلرُّبْع‎). The word arroba is also used for a weight measure out in Portuguese. Ane arroba is equivalent to 32 old Portuguese pounds, approximately xiv.vii kg (32 lb), and both the weight and the symbol are chosen arroba . In Brazil, cattle are still priced by the arroba – at present rounded to 15 kg (33 lb). This naming is considering the at sign was used to represent this measure out.
In Romanian, it is nigh usually called at , merely also colloquially chosen coadă de maimuță ("monkey tail") or a-rond . The latter is commonly used, and it comes from the word round (from its shape), simply that is nothing like the mathematical symbol A-rond (rounded A). Others call it aron , or la (Romanian word for 'at').

@ on a DVK Soviet computer (c. 1984)

In Russian, it is commonly chosen соба[ч]ка ( soba[ch]ka – '[trivial] dog').
In Serbian, information technology is called лудо А ( ludo A – 'crazy A'), мајмунче ( majmunče – 'little monkey'), or мајмун ( majmun – 'monkey').
In Slovak, it is chosen zavináč ('rollmop', a pickled fish roll, every bit in Czech).
In Slovenian, it is called afna (an breezy word for 'monkey').
In Spanish-speaking countries, information technology is called arroba (from the Arabic ar-roub , which denotes a pre-metric unit of weight. While there are regional variations in Spain, United mexican states, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru it is typically considered to represent approximately xi.5 kg (25 lb).^{[ commendation needed ]}
In Sámi (Due north Sámi), it is called bussáseaibi significant 'cat'due south tail'.
In Swedish, it is called snabel-a ('elephant'due south trunk A') or simply at , as in the English language. Less formally it is also known as kanelbulle ('cinnamon roll') or alfakrull ('alpha curl').
In Swiss German language, it is commonly called Affenschwanz ('monkey-tail'). However, the utilise of the English word at has become increasingly popular in Swiss German, as with Standard High german.^{[ citation needed ]}
In Tagalog, the word at ways 'and', so the symbol is used like an ampersand in vernacular writing such equally text letters (e.m. magluto @ kumain , 'melt and eat').
In Thai, it is commonly called at , every bit in English.
In Turkish, it is commonly called et , a variant pronunciation of English at.^{[ citation needed ]}
In Ukrainian, it is commonly chosen ет ( et – 'at') or Равлик (ravlyk), which means 'snail'.
In Urdu, it is اٹ ( at ).
In Vietnamese, it is chosen a còng ('bent A') in the north and a móc ('hooked A') in the s.
In Welsh, it is sometimes known equally a malwen or malwoden (both meaning "snail").

Unicode [edit]

In Unicode, the at sign is encoded as U+0040 @ COMMERCIAL AT (HTML@· &commat;). The named entity &commat; was introduced in HTML5.^[48]

Variants [edit]

Character information
Preview	@		＠		﹫
Unicode name	COMMERCIAL AT		FULLWIDTH COMMERCIAL AT		Minor COMMERCIAL AT
Encodings	decimal	hex	december	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	64	U+0040	65312	U+FF20	65131	U+FE6B
UTF-8	64	xl	239 188 160	EF BC A0	239 185 171	EF B9 AB
Numeric character reference	@	@	＠	＠	﹫	﹫
Named character reference	&commat;
ASCII and extensions	64	40
EBCDIC (037, 500, UTF)^[49] ^[50] ^[51]	124	7C
EBCDIC (1026)^[52]	174	AE
Shift JIS^[53]	64	forty	129 151	81 97
EUC-JP^[54]	64	40	161 247	A1 F7
EUC-KR^[55] / UHC^[56]	64	40	163 192	A3 C0
GB 18030^[57]	64	twoscore	163 192	A3 C0	169 136	A9 88
Big5^[58]	64	40	162 73	A2 49	162 78	A2 4E
EUC-TW	64	40	162 233	A2 E9	162 238	A2 EE
LaTeX^[59]	\MVAt

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External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to At sign.

commercial-at at the Complimentary On-line Dictionary of Computing
"The Adventitious History of the @ Symbol ", Smithsonian magazine, September 2012, Retrieved October 2021.
The @-symbol, function one, pause, role 2, addenda, Shady Characters ⌂ The secret life of punctuation August 2011, Retrieved June 2013.
"Daniel Soar on @", London Review of Books, Vol. 31 No. 10, 28 May 2009, Retrieved June 2013.
ascii64 – the @ book – gratuitous download (creative commons) – past patrik sneyd – foreword by luigi colani) Nov 2006, Retrieved June 2013.
A Natural History of the @ Sign The many names of the at sign in diverse languages, 1997, Retrieved June 2013.
Sum: the @ Symbol, LINGUIST List vii.968 July 1996, Retrieved June 2013.
Where information technology'due south At: names for a mutual symbol Earth Wide Words August 1996, Retrieved June 2013.
UK Telegraph Commodity: Chinese parents choose to proper name their baby "@" Baronial 2007, Retrieved June 2013.
Tom Chatfield tells the story of the @ sign on Medium
An amusing video from BBC Ideas^{[ permanent expressionless link ]}